ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Asparagusracemosus Willd has been used as diuretic in Ayurveda but has not been validated by a suitable experimental model. Hence the present study was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with an aqueous extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus utilizing three doses viz 800 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg and 3200 mg/kg for its diuretic activity in comparison with standard drug (furosemide) and control (normal saline) rats after doing acute toxicity study. RESULTS: Acute toxicity study showed no fatality even with the highest dose and the diuretic study revealed significant diuretic activity (p < 0.05) in the dose of 3200 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: Asparagus racemosus showed diuretic activity at a 3200 mg/kg dose without acute toxicity.
OBJETIVO: El espárrago racemoso Willd ha sido usado como diurético en ayurveda pero no ha sido validado mediante un modelo experimental conveniente. De ahí la razón para emprender el presente estudio. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio fue realizado con extracto acuoso de raíces de espárrago racemoso, utilizando tres dosis, a saber, 800 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg y 3200 mg/kg para analizar su actividad diurética, comparándolo con el medicamento estándar (furosemida), y ratas de control (solución salina normal) después de hacer un estudio de toxicidad aguda. RESULTADOS: El estudio de toxicidad aguda no mostró fatalidad, incluso con la dosis más alta, y el estudio del diurético reveló una actividad diurética significativa (p < 0.05) con la dosis de 3200 mg/kg. CONCLUSIÓN: El espárrago racemoso mostró actividad diurética en una dosis de 3200 mg/kg sin toxicidad aguda.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Asparagus Plant , Diuretics/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Roots/toxicity , Analysis of Variance , Diuretics/pharmacology , Furosemide/pharmacology , Furosemide/toxicity , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Calcular a incidência da perda auditiva sensorioneural (PASN) em recém-nascidos de alto risco, verificar se existe associação causal entre o uso de fármacos ototóxicos em neonatos de alto risco e a PASN e estabelecer a frequência das mutações genéticas relacionadas à PASN em neonatos de alto risco. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi uma coorte retrospectiva e prospectiva realizada em 250 crianças. Foi realizada coleta de dados em prontuários e com os responsáveis, triagem auditiva por emissões otoacústicas-produto de distorção, timpanometria, audiometria com reforço visual, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico e emissões otoacústicas transientes. A pesquisa das mutações genéticas 35delG e mitocondriais A1555G e A7445G, foi fundamental para avaliar a possibilidade da PASN ser de origem genética não-sindrômica. RESULTADOS: A incidência da PASN foi de 11,6 por cento, as associações causais entre a PASN e os fármacos administrados foram: amicacina e cefotaxima (OR 5,35), cefotaxima e furosemida (OR 7,02), ceftazidima e vancomicina (OR 9,12). A frequência da mutação 35delG foi de 0,8 por cento e para as mutações mitocondriais A1555G e A7445G foi 0 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de PASN em recém-nascidos de alto risco foi alta, apresentando importante relação causal com o uso de medicamentos e pequena relação com mutações genéticas.
PURPOSE: To calculate the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), to verify if there is a causal association between the use of ototoxic drugs and SNHL, and to establish the frequency of genetic mutations related to SNHL in high risk newborns. METHODS: The study was a retrospective and prospective cohort research with 250 children. Data was gathered from subjects' charts and with their caregivers. Moreover, subjects were submitted to auditory evaluation with distortion product otoacoustic emissions, timpanometry, visual reinforcement audiometry, auditory brainstem response and transient otoacoustic emissions. The study of the genetic mutation 35delG, and the mitochondrial mutations A1555G and A7445G was essential to evaluate the possibility that SNHL had a non-syndromic genetic origin. The association between the medicine use and the occurrence of hearing loss had been analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of SNHL in high risk newborns was 11.6 percent, and causal associations between SNHL and the drugs administered were: amikacin and cefotaxime (OR=5.35), cefotaxime and furosemide (OR=7.02), ceftazidime and vancomycin (OR=9.12). The frequencies of the mutation 35deIG and mitochondrial mutations A1555G and A7445G were, respectively, 0.8 percent and 0 percent. CONCLUSION: The incidence of SNHL in high risk newborns was high, showing an important causal relation with the use of ototoxic drugs and a small relation with genetic mutations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Amikacin/toxicity , Drug Combinations , Furosemide/toxicity , Gentamicins/toxicity , Infant, Premature , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/genetics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Vancomycin/toxicityABSTRACT
The objective of the study is to find out the common pharmacologic agents causing ototoxicity in our region with their pattern of presentation and effects on the inner ear. This study was conducted at department of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Civil Hospital Karachi, over a period of three years from January 1998 to December 2000. A total of 44 patients were included who presented at ENT department with the diagnosis of ototoxicity. The diagnosis was established in each case by taking detailed history, through ENT examination and related investigations. All these patients were followed up regularly for a maximum of six months. Out of44 patients, 32 were male and 12 were female patients with mean age of 42.2 years. Majority of the patients had some form of cochleotoxicity with symptoms of deafness in 95.4% and tinnitus in 36.6% of the cases. Vestibular toxicity with symptoms of vertigo and sense of imbalance were presented in 29.5% of the cases. 26 patients received only one ototoxic drug while 18 patients had received more than one ototoxic drug at one time. Gentamycin was the commonest offending agent for ototoxicity in 40.9% of the cases. In this study no patient of ototoxicity was found due to macrolide antibiotics, salicylates or any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sensori-neural hearing loss in majority of the patients was moderate to severe in nature
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vestibule, Labyrinth/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Deafness , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Vertigo , Gentamicins/toxicity , Streptomycin/toxicity , Amikacin/toxicity , Furosemide/toxicity , Cisplatin/toxicity , TinnitusABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fué evaluar el efecto del fenoterol y la furosemida nebulizados sobre las crisis asmáticas. Treinta pacientes con asma leve o moderada fueron admitidos en un estudio doble ciego, que la furosemida nebulizada podría jugar un papel importante en el tratamiento de las crisis asmáticas leves y moderadas
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Asthma/therapy , Status Asthmaticus/therapy , Fenoterol/toxicity , Furosemide/toxicity , Nebulizers and Vaporizers/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um levantamento sobre drogas ototóxicas. Relatam quatro casos de lesäo vestibular causada pelo uso de Gentamicina. Discutem a duraçäo dos sintomas e a demora do desaparecimento completo dos mesmos, concluindo que o comprometimento vestibular näo depende somente da dose e do tempo de administraçäo da droga, que o prognóstico näo deve ser sempre otimista em pessoas de idade avançada, que a funçäo renal deve ser sempre observada, que no caso dos medicamentos empregados, a lesäo vestibular näo se acompanha de lesäo auditiva e que o início dos sintomas pode ocorrer dias após cessada a medicaçäo. Finalmente, comentam diversas drogas e a sua açäo no sistema vestibular